69 VC firms investing in security & cybersecurity at the Series B stage.
F4 Fund tracks 69 VC firms that actively invest in security & cybersecurity at the Series B stage, with check sizes ranging from $100K – $1650M (median: $8M – $8M). As of April 2026, and 96% lead or co-lead rounds. Rankings are based on F4's proprietary analysis of 1,092+ researched VC firms, scored by data completeness, portfolio depth, investment recency, and stage alignment.
| # | Firm | Check Size | Portfolio | Leads? | Activity | Decision | Intro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ▶ Ten Eleven Ventures Cybersecurity is fundamental to maintaining our way of life and is essential for global commerce. We empower founders to create cybersecurity technologies that make our world more secure. As the original venture capital firm focused exclusively on cybersecurity, we invest globally and are stage-agnostic. Burlingame, California | $3M – $15M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 2 | ▶ Index Ventures We invest in who you are, not just what you do. We back visionaries and game-changers with character and global ambition. We partner long-term with founders, providing capital, operational support, and deep conviction in their vision. San Francisco | $500K – $50M | 363 | Leads | Active | — | Req'd |
| 3 | ▶ Craft Ventures Build great companies by partnering with exceptional founders who deeply understand their markets. We provide not just capital but proven playbooks, talent networks, and operational expertise from our team of experienced operators. San Francisco | $500K – $10M | 37 | Leads | Active | — | Open |
| 4 | ▶ Jump Crypto Identify real-world constraints through active market participation and build decentralized consortiums to convert systemic bottlenecks into shared breakthroughs. Serious builders combining market-making expertise with long-term infrastructure development. Chicago | $1.9M – $1650M | 25 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 5 | ▶ Acrew Capital Long-term venture partnerships built on depth of thought, conviction, and dimensional thinking. We back founders with diverse lived experiences who are building transformative companies. We operate as a team sport—you don't work with individual partners, you work with Acrew. We invest in emotional intelligence, operational support, and the long arc of building meaningful companies. San Francisco | $250K – $15M | 97 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 6 | ▶ AllegisCyber Cybersecurity is a permanent, growing category. Successful cyber investing requires deep domain expertise combined with operational experience. We partner with founders as true operating partners, not just capital providers. Category creators and cyber pioneers with differentiated approaches. Maple Lawn, Maryland | $500K – $20M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 7 | ▶ YL Ventures Exceptional Israeli cybersecurity founders, backed by deep domain expertise and access to Fortune 500 CISOs, can build companies that define how the world defends itself. Singular focus on cybersecurity, seed-stage capital, and unmatched buyer network. San Francisco | $500K – $5M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 8 | ▶ Point72 Ventures Point72 Ventures backs ambitious founders building for big outcomes across critical domains. Going deep, not wide—the firm focuses on specialized investment theses in AI, Consumer, and Defense Tech, bringing deep sector insights, partnership, and hands-on support from seed to pre-IPO. New York | $250K – $50M | 203 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 9 | ▶ Accel Partner with exceptional teams building transformative technology companies across all stages San Francisco | $2M – $10M | 120 | Both | Active | — | — |
| 10 | ▶ Vertex Ventures Founders and operators backing fearless founders building infrastructure and SaaS companies that power the digital economy. We bring our own experience building companies to help technical founders nail go-to-market and assemble exceptional teams. Palo Alto | $500K – $10M | 12 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 11 | ▶ Amplify Partners The best companies will be built by technical founders - engineers, researchers, and scientists who have experienced a problem viscerally and are compelled to solve it. We invest in tools, platforms, and infrastructure for technical builders, and we partner with founders to help them evolve into leaders of generational companies. Menlo Park | $1.5M – $10M | 25 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 12 | ▶ Boldstart Ventures We invest in bold technical founders building the autonomous enterprise. Before you build your team, before you write your first line of code—that's when boldstart gets to work. We collaborate with technical founders at Inception, lead pre-product rounds, and help turn bold ideas into category-creating companies. Miami | $250K – $15M | 25 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 13 | ▶ Illuminate Financial Illuminate invests in companies solving mission-critical problems for financial institutions through fintech and enterprise software innovation. With deep access to tier-1 financial institution networks and specialized domain expertise, the firm creates unique value for portfolio companies through institutional customer access, operational guidance, and strategic partnerships. London | $1M – $8M | 25 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 14 | ▶ CapitalG Partner with remarkable growth-stage leaders to accelerate their journey from startup to scale-up through capital, operational expertise, and Google advisory access. Focus on transformational companies making the step change into growth. | $50M – $200M | 42 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 15 | ▶ Lightspeed Venture Partners We partner with bold builders of category-defining companies from Seed to Series F and beyond. Depth of commitment, depth of relationships, and depth of belief distinguish us. Complete immersion, authentic partnership, and unwavering conviction through market cycles. | $1M – $300M | 41 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 16 | ▶ PayPal Ventures Accelerate financial services and commerce innovation by investing in companies that bring transformative solutions to market faster. We leverage PayPal's deep payments expertise, global brand, and 426+ million user network to help portfolio companies scale rapidly. San Jose | $5M – $30M | 41 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 17 | ▶ Toba Capital Partner with exceptional founders building technology companies with long-term growth potential capable of fundamentally shifting markets for the common good. Provide capital, operational expertise, board participation, and network access to support founder vision and company building. Los Angeles & Newport Beach, CA | $500K – $10M | 41 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 18 | ▶ Energy Impact Partners Technology and capital solutions for the global energy transition. We partner with entrepreneurs to build and scale innovative companies that power a better energy future, supported by collaborations with utilities and industrial incumbents. New York | $2M – $20M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 19 | ▶ Radian Capital Radian Capital partners with software-driven B2B companies at scale, providing capital and hands-on operational support. They concentrate on select companies and go deep with each, emphasizing sustainable growth over growth at all costs. New York | $5M – $30M | 34 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 20 | ▶ Northzone Category-defining entrepreneurs building fundamental shifts that upend entire industries. Focus on disruptive business models in energy transition, healthcare, AI, and consumer. Thesis values human relationships and founder-centric partnerships over financial metrics alone. London | $1M – $40M | 33 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 21 | ▶ 9Yards Capital Back technical founders building critical infrastructure for foundational industries. Pair growth-stage capital with deep regulatory expertise and government/industry connectivity to create defensible advantages in overlooked, essential sectors. San Francisco | $3M – $10M | 30 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 22 | ▶ OMERS Ventures Back ambitious founders building disruptive early-stage technology companies. We provide not just capital but access to OMERS' multi-asset institutional platform. Our permanent pension backing gives us patient, long-duration capital unconstrained by traditional 10-year fund cycles. Toronto | $1M – $25M | 30 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 23 | ▶ General Catalyst We back founders venturing beyond to build transformational companies that create positive, enduring change. Applied AI and global resilience are fundamental forces reshaping industries. | $2M – $50M | 29 | Leads | Active | — | — |
| 24 | ▶ Tribe Capital Apply AI and data science to identify and invest in N-of-1 companies with 10-100x potential. Back founders who expand individual freedom and decentralize power. Invest in companies that embody principles from the Bill of Rights (voice, fair process, proportionality, user power) and Bitcoin whitepaper (trust-minimized, verifiable, aligned incentives, open access). Menlo Park | $500K – $5M | 60 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 25 | ▶ IVP We supercharge growth in breakout companies, converting momentum into market dominance. We invest exclusively at Series B and beyond in companies that have achieved product-market fit and are ready to scale from millions to hundreds of millions in revenue. San Francisco | $1M – $25M | 25 | Leads | Active | ~2 mo | Req'd |
| 26 | ▶ Crew Capital Community-driven VC led by active operators who simultaneously build and invest. Best support for founders comes from operators understanding current market challenges firsthand, not just history. Invest in category-defining technology companies. New York | $500K – $2M | 38 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 27 | ▶ BluePointe Ventures Overlooked markets where distribution advantage compounds. Founders with deep domain empathy build durable moats. B2B software rebuilding industries through core workflows, data connectivity, and embedded intelligence. San Francisco | $250K – $1.5M | 24 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Req'd |
| 28 | ▶ Centre Street Partners Partner with technical operators and SMB owners to execute technology-led middle-market buyouts. Capture outsized economic value from AI at the ownership layer of services providers rather than pure-play tech. New York | $5M – $50M | 24 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 29 | ▶ Innovating Capital Technology can have a highly disruptive impact on society. We back founders on the forefront of innovation with clear vision towards positive change, leveraging domain expertise to ensure value creation. Founder-first approach with operational support. New York | $250K – $5M | 34 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 30 | ▶ AirTree Ventures Big things start small. We invest at seed stage and see potential where others don't. We believe in your vision for your company's future, not as it exists today. We think in decades, not days, committing to walk the entire journey with founders to build iconic companies. We share Antipodean ingenuity with the world. Sydney | $250K – $20M | 60 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 31 | ▶ Contour Venture Partners Invest in innovative technology companies that can achieve significant market share in large, growing markets and grow independent of market conditions. Partner with exceptional entrepreneurs to build sustainable, profitable businesses that transform industry segments. New York | $500K – $2M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 32 | ▶ Morgan Creek Digital Digital innovation across four themes (AI, Blockchain, Computing Infrastructure, Big Data) will define the next generation of transformative companies. Busan | $250K – $10M | 20 | Leads | Active | — | Req'd |
| 33 | ▶ Shasta Ventures Exceptional founders with clear technical solutions to enterprise market pain points, focused on SaaS, cybersecurity, infrastructure, data intelligence, and computer vision. We provide capital plus operational excellence through Shasta Elevate playbooks. Menlo Park | $2M – $15M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~2 mo | Open |
| 34 | ▶ Wing Venture Capital The AI-first transformation of business will be as big as digital, mobile, and cloud combined. We invest in companies building the AI-first technology stack: data foundations, AI tools, autonomous applications, and product-led growth companies that accelerate adoption. Founders building at any layer of this stack can reach goals and uncover opportunities previously unattainable. Palo Alto | $200K – $20M | 30 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 35 | ▶ Frontline Ventures The world's most successful B2B software companies require presence and success in both North America and Europe. Frontline specializes in facilitating frictionless transatlantic expansion, supporting founders with global ambition through a dual-fund strategy optimized for international growth. London | $250K – $20M | 19 | Both | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 36 | ▶ Flint Capital Exceptional technology companies can be built anywhere—US, Israel, or Europe. We partner with experienced founders to provide capital, US market expertise, and global networks to help them scale internationally. Boston | $500K – $5M | 25 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 37 | ▶ C4 Ventures Operators backing entrepreneurs building global companies with exceptional people, world-class products, and cutting-edge technology. C4 focuses on deep tech and AI where operational expertise creates meaningful value. The firm believes Europe can compete globally in AI and robotics. Paris | $2M – $5M | 15 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 38 | ▶ Greenoaks Greenoaks backs generation-defining technology companies with exceptional long-term growth potential. We make concentrated, large initial bets and maintain positions through multiple rounds and public markets, believing that exceptional founders and products deserve exceptional partnership. San Francisco | $25M – $75M | 15 | Both | Active | ~2 mo | Req'd |
| 39 | ▶ MassMutual Ventures Build category-defining technology businesses that deliver strong investment returns while addressing pressing business challenges. Leverage Fortune 500 parent (MassMutual) assets including real estate portfolios, renewable energy assets, and capital networks. Boston | $2M – $10M | 15 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 40 | ▶ Menlo Ventures Menlo invests in transformative technology companies at multiple stages of early growth. We provide capital, operational expertise, and hands-on support to help founders build scalable businesses that change how we live and work. San Francisco | $500K – $20M | 15 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 41 | ▶ NXTP Ventures We back founders building the future of B2B technology. From Latin America to the world, we invest early and partner with founders and companies for the long term. Our core purpose is to support founders and companies through founder-aligned partnerships forged in trust. Buenos Aires | $500K – $2M | 15 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 42 | ▶ Redpoint Depth-first venture investing through mastery in specific domains. We partner with bold builders challenging industry conventions, backing founders with technical depth and conviction to build enduring $1B+ companies. Complete immersion creates enduring companies. Menlo Park | $500K – $50M | 15 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 43 | ▶ Vanedge Capital Deep technology and hard tech company investing at inflection points. Partner with technical founders building infrastructure-level solutions for global scale. Founded 2010 on belief that next generation of transformative companies require deep technical expertise, not just capital. Vancouver | $1M – $15M | 42 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 44 | ▶ Bain Capital Ventures Ambitious founders solving fundamental problems across major industries. The next generation of transformational companies will be built on modern AI, secure infrastructure, and efficient commerce. We partner with technical founders with operator experience and compelling narratives. San Francisco | $1M – $20M | 22 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 45 | ▶ Drive Capital World-class technology companies can be built anywhere. Greatness is in our backyard. We invest in market-defining companies across the Driveway region (Hudson River to Rocky Mountains), partnering with founders from idea to IPO. Build where your talent is. Build where your customers are. Build where you're strongest. Columbus | $500K – $150M | 30 | Leads | Active | ~2 mo | Open |
| 46 | ▶ Greylock Your first partner. Over 80% of investments are first checks. We partner with exceptional founders at inception stages, providing patient capital and deep partnership. Menlo Park | $300K – $10M | 13 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 47 | ▶ Kleiner Perkins Partner with exceptional founders building transformative technology companies from inception to IPO and beyond. Our moral compass is serving humanity with technology and capital. We provide not just capital but operational support, network access, and board participation to maximize the potential of founders' ideas and make history. Menlo Park | $100K – $150M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 48 | ▶ Partech Partners We support ambitious founders solving large problems through technology across all stages. Independent thinkers who challenge conventional wisdom are our ideal partners. We provide not just capital but operational expertise, global networks, and hands-on support from day one through scale. Paris | $300K – $100M | 20 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 49 | ▶ Alumni Ventures We democratize venture capital by providing individual accredited investors with professional-grade access to elite venture opportunities. We leverage our massive 850,000+ community network and 11,000+ investors to create unique value for founders, sourcing and diligencing deals alongside top-tier VCs (a16z, Sequoia, Khosla) without leading rounds. Our network is our competitive advantage—it compounds value for all stakeholders. Manchester, NH | $250K – $5M | 54 | Follows | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 50 | ▶ Two Sigma Ventures As the world becomes more information-rich, most transformative new companies will leverage data science, machine learning, and advanced computing power. We back founders building breakthrough solutions at this intersection. New York | $2M – $25M | 27 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 51 | ▶ Felicis Ventures Back founders building iconic companies that transcend boundaries. We invest directly in their growth to make them unbreakable. Founded on principle that luck isn't made, it's engineered. Founders are our customer, not LPs. We always vote shares with founders and provide 1% non-dilutive founder development capital alongside every first check. Menlo Park | $500K – $15M | 25 | Both | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 52 | ▶ K5 Global K5 Global backs category-defining companies from inception to IPO. The firm leverages exceptional networks across media, entertainment, politics, finance, and technology to provide strategic value beyond capital. We believe the best companies are built by founders who can access world-class talent, capital, and strategic relationships. Los Angeles | $1M – $3M | 30 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 53 | ▶ WndrCo WndrCo positions itself as 'the founders behind the founders,' combining strategic capital with deep operational involvement. Unlike traditional VCs, partners take formal operating roles (interim CEO, CFO, CPO) within portfolio companies. This approach leverages the co-founders' proven track record: Sujay Jaswa scaled Dropbox from $18M to $10B as Business Founder/CFO, and Jeffrey Katzenberg transformed Disney Studios and built DreamWorks. The firm invests across all stages through three strategies: Build (acquiring underappreciated tech companies), Venture (leading post-PMF rounds), and Seed (very early checks). Focus areas are Future of Work, Cybersecurity, Developer Infrastructure, and Consumer Technology, with increasing emphasis on AI applications. Beverly Hills, California | $100K – $10M | 30 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 54 | ▶ R136 Ventures Identifies inflection points through proprietary Discovery Engine and backs founders who see opportunities others miss. Focuses on AI-driven transformation of B2B software and financial services, with deep technical due diligence analyzing 250+ data points. Woodside, CA | $2M – $20M | 40 | Both | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 55 | ▶ Battery Ventures Battery Ventures operates as a stage-agnostic firm backing technology-driven category leaders across all growth stages from seed to buyout. The firm believes the best tech investments span the entire founder journey, and they practice collaborative, research-focused investing with embedded operational support through their Portfolio Services platform. They seek technical founders with deep domain expertise and experienced operators building in four core sectors: Application Software, Infrastructure Software, Consumer, and Industrial Tech + Life Science Tools. Boston | $1M – $500M | 20 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 56 | ▶ In-Q-Tel (IQT) Transformative national security solutions emerge from early-stage private-sector startups developing frontier technologies. IQT identifies, evaluates, and leverages innovations to accelerate government adoption while enhancing commercial success. Washington | $250K – $3M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 57 | ▶ Rosecliff Ventures We seek to create positive economic impact and long-term value by providing lifetime support to companies from seed through late-stage equity and credit. We differentiate through deep Wall Street expertise, strategic LP networks, and innovative financing vehicles. New York | $500K – $10M | 20 | Both | Active | ~2 mo | Open |
| 58 | ▶ Zeev Ventures Solo GP model combining angel investing speed with VC-scale checks. Backs non-traditional founders solving their own problems. Rejects process-heavy VC bureaucracy in favor of speed, decisiveness, and founder-first engagement. Palo Alto | $20M – $50M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 59 | ▶ OpenAI Startup Fund New and powerful AI systems will give rise to transformative startups. We back exceptional engineers, designers, researchers, and product builders using AI to solve critical problems in healthcare, law, education, energy, sciences, and enterprise. We provide capital, operational support, talent expertise, and conviction follow-on investing. San Francisco | $1M – $5M | 14 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 60 | ▶ Homebrew Help founders build companies of which they can be proud. We invest in mission-driven founders solving large, urgent problems using technology to create substantive change. Capital is necessary but not sufficient—sweat, reputation, and accountability are our core commitments. San Francisco | $100K – $500K | 18 | Both | Active | ~1 wk | Req'd |
| 61 | ▶ Foundry Group We invest in startups and venture funds, creating a symbiotic network that propels innovation. Our approach is characterized by long-term thinking and a 'give first' philosophy. Boulder, Colorado | $500K – $10M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Req'd |
| 62 | ▶ Human Capital Partner with exceptional founders to build generational companies that define the world's most critical industries. We provide not just capital but assemble teams of the highest caliber through our 5,000+ member builder community and deep operational expertise. San Francisco | $250K – $200M | 20 | Both | Active | ~1 wk | Open |
| 63 | ▶ White Star Capital Technology companies are becoming intertwined with the global economy more so than ever before. The most compelling founders build businesses through a broader world view. White Star Capital backs globally ambitious entrepreneurs at Series A, B, and Seed stages across North America, Europe, and Asia, helping them scale internationally through deep local presence on three continents. London | $1M – $25M | 40 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 64 | ▶ HOF Capital We invest in relentlessly ambitious entrepreneurs working on fundamental technology and business model innovations that advance humanity toward abundance. Our March to Abundance thesis focuses on four primary areas: (1) freedom from repetitive work through AI and automation, (2) freedom to transact and financial security, (3) freedom from genetic disease and biological limitations, (4) interconnection of humanity through new mediums. New York | $500K – $10M | 25 | Both | Active | ~2 wks | Req'd |
| 65 | ▶ IA Ventures Data is the defensible moat in technology. We invest in companies that build proprietary data assets, analytics capabilities, or machine learning advantages to dominate their categories. Founded on 'information arbitrage' thesis - applying hedge fund quantitative discipline to early-stage venture. New York | $250K – $750K | 11 | Leads | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 66 | ▶ Gaingels Equity of access and representation in venture capital delivers positive returns. Diverse and underrepresented (including LGBTQ+) leaders of high-growth companies deserve capital access. When these founders succeed, they influence ecosystems and open doors for historically excluded groups. New York | $200K – $500K | 20 | Follows | Active | ~2 wks | Open |
| 67 | ▶ Tiger Global Management Leading global companies that leverage technological innovation across public and private markets. Proven founders (especially ex-Googlers, AWS, Stripe) with large TAMs (billions+), product-led growth, and global ambitions. Conviction-based investing post-2022 correction emphasizing quality over quantity. New York | $1M – $100M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 wk | Req'd |
| 68 | ▶ Insight Partners Software founders need more than capital to scale successfully. Insight Partners combines investment capital with hands-on operational expertise, embedded teams, and network access to accelerate company growth across all stages. New York | $10M – $350M | 20 | Leads | Active | ~1 mo | Open |
| 69 | ▶ Flucas Ventures Democratize access to venture capital by building large syndicates of non-traditional LPs. Invest across all stages, sectors, and geographies based on founder quality and market conviction, not category restrictions. Enable 2,000+ diverse co-investors to participate alongside marquee firms like Sequoia and Andreessen Horowitz while maintaining founder-friendly economics. Miami | $250K – $5M | 15 | Follows | Active | ~1 wk | Req'd |
Investors on this page also frequently invest in these sectors
What other stages do these firms also invest in?
What other sectors do these firms also invest in?
Firms that frequently co-invest with investors on this page
F4 Fund tracks 69 VC firms that actively invest in security & cybersecurity at the Series B stage. These firms are ranked using a composite score that weighs data completeness (30%), portfolio depth (30%), investment recency (25%), and stage alignment (15%).
Based on F4's analysis, the median check size for series b security & cybersecurity investors is $8M – $8M, with a full range from $100K – $1650M. The distribution breaks down as: 2 firms in the <$500K range, 2 firms in the $500K-$1M range, 4 firms in the $1M-$2M range, 10 firms in the $2M-$5M range, 19 firms in the $5M-$10M range, 32 firms in the $10M+ range.
Among the 69 firms tracked, 96% lead or co-lead rounds, and 4% typically follow. Founders seeking a lead investor should filter for firms marked "Leads" or "Both" in the rankings table above. Lead investors typically set deal terms and anchor the round.
The best series b security & cybersecurity investors combine domain expertise with an active portfolio in the space. Among these firms, 30% prefer warm introductions, and the average firm has 36 portfolio companies. Look for firms whose check size matches your raise, whose stage preference aligns with yours, and who have a track record of supporting companies in your sector through multiple growth phases.
Firm profiles are continuously updated through F4's research pipeline, which combines LLM-powered web research, portfolio analysis, and transcript extraction. The ranking data refreshes every 12 hours. Editorial analysis is reviewed weekly. Individual firm profiles are re-researched on a 30-day cycle or when new information surfaces.